Undergraduate Occupational Health Nursing Education in Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Occupational health nursing plays a fundamental role in addressing the health of the working population; however, training in this area differs around the world in terms of levels, duration, content, and requirements, and the current situation in Latin American countries is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze undergraduate nursing education in occupational health from an international perspective considering Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, descriptive study, based on bibliographic methodology, whose sample was documentary, consulting government databases in Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. FINDINGS: Heterogeneity was identified within the training in the countries analyzed, with a small number of courses in the course structures; in most cases, the courses were taught in the last years of training and predominantly as elective courses. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend that training centers develop programs associated with occupational nursing, which is considered an imperative to strengthen public health in developing countries and an ethical and equitable response to the working population.

Riesgos psicosociales laborales: una propuesta de definición / A definition proposal for psychosocial risks at work

BACKGROUND: In 1984, the joint WHO/ILO committee, postulated a definition of psychosocial risks at work, responding to a need in a specific context. However, with the evolution of the working and personal conditions of workers, this definition is progressively considered to be insolvent, ambiguous, with false breadth and omissions. AIM: To analyze the concept of «psychosocial risk at work» and to establish a clear definition based on evidence from the existing literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis of the concept, based on Walker and Avant's proposal was carried out. It encompasses eight steps, namely the selection of the concept, determination of the objectives or purposes of the analysis, identification of all possible uses of the concept, determination of defining attributes, identification of a model case, identification of borderline cases, identification of background and consequences and definition of empirical references. RESULTS: The defining attributes of the construct are quantity, rhythm, complexity, content, control, diversity, schedule, flexibility or meaning of the work, perceived as inappropriate by the worker. Also, preoccupation associated with domestic chores and attention to the needs of others, lack of clarity about the role in the job position, deficient personal and professional development of the worker, adverse work environment, organizational aspects that harm the worker, technological demands incompatible with the worker's capabilities and needs and finally, inadequate social relations at work. CONCLUSIONS: The construct background is grouped into elements attributed to the worker and attributed to the labor. The concept attributes were organized into eight dimensions, and the consequences were classified as the personal effects on the worker and those associated with the labor.

Enfermería basada en la evidencia: un desafío pendiente / Evidence-based nursing: a pending challenge

Objetivo principal: Reflexionar sobre las barreras para la implementación y uso de la Enfermería basada en evidencia por parte de los profesionales de enfermería. Metodología: Artículo de reflexión, desde un análisis crítico de la literatura. Resultados principales: Se evidenció interés de utilizar la Enfermería basada en evidencia, sin embargo, existen limitaciones como falta de conocimiento en investigación, restringiendo la capacidad de adoptar decisiones con pensamiento crítico, asociado al escaso tiempo, y poco apoyo organizacional limitando la participación de los usuarios en la toma de decisiones. Conclusión: Los profesionales de enfermería deben realizar un esfuerzo con los centros formadores para desarrollar la habilidad de tomar decisiones escuchando la opinión de los usuarios, desarrollando el pensamiento crítico y juicio clínico por medio de investigaciones que sean difundidas en la comunidad para ser incorporadas por los profesionales que se desempeñan entregando cuidados.(AU)

Objective: Reflect on the impediments generated in the execution and usage of evidence-based nursery-by-nursery professionals Methods: A reflective article based on a critical analysis of literature. Results: The analysis revealed an interest in implementing evidence-based nursery. However, there are limitations such as the lack of knowledge about investigation, which restricts the capacity to adopt an autonomous decision and critical thinking. This is associated with both work burden and the precarious organizational support that restraints the users’ participation in decision-making. Conclusions: The nursery professionals are able to identify deficiencies to incorporate evidence-based nursery into their practices. They have to work closely with training centers to enhance the ability of decision making by listening to the users' opinions, developing both critical thinking and clinical judgment in the researches to be presented to the community by the professionals in charge of care delivery.(AU)

Evaluación del modelo de calidad de Donabedian en base a los criterios de Chinn y Kramer / Evaluation of the Donabedian quality model based on the Chinn and Kramer criteria

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación de teorías es un proceso crucial para el desarrollo del conocimiento enfermero, permite seleccionar y utilizar la teoría en función de los problemas y fenómenos del cuidado, sin embargo, es escasamente realizada, especialmente en teorías de otras disciplinas. OBJETIVO: Analizar críticamente el modelo de calidad de la atención de salud de Donabedian, a través de la propuesta metodológica de Chinn y Kramer. DESARROLLO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-reflexivo del componente teórico y conceptual del modelo de Donabedian, se explica el propósito, conceptos, relaciones, estructura y supuestos. Se continua con la evaluación crítica del modelo, analizada bajo los criterios de claridad, sencillez, generalidad, accesibilidad e importancia, a través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura. CONCLUSIÓN: el modelo es útil para la gestión, los procesos de mejora, evaluación de estrategias y programas. Con valor para enfermería, puesto que coinciden en el significado e importancia otorgada a la calidad de la atención, reconociendo su contribución en la implementación, desarrollo de intervenciones y mejoramiento de la salud.

NTRODUCTION: The evaluation of theories is a crucial process for the development of nursing knowledge, as it allows the selection and use of such theories to address the problems of patient care. However, it is scarcely performed, especially with theoriesfrom disciplines other than nursing. OBJECTIVE: To critically analyze the Donabedian model of health care quality, through the methodological approach of Chinn and Kramer (1999). METHODOLOGY: A descriptive-reflexive study of the theoretical and conceptualcomponent of the Donabedian model was carried out, explaining its purpose, concepts, relationships, structure, and assumptions. A critical evaluation of the model was then conducted, using the criteria of clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility, and importance, through a narrative review of the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The model is useful for management, improvement processes, and the evaluation of strategies and programs. It is especially valuable for nursing, since it coincides with the meaning and importance given to the quality of nursing care, recognizing its contribution in the development and implementation of interventions and improvement of health.

[A definition proposal for psychosocial risks at work]. / Riesgos psicosociales laborales: una propuesta de definición.

BACKGROUND: In 1984, the joint WHO/ILO committee, postulated a definition of psychosocial risks at work, responding to a need in a specific context. However, with the evolution of the working and personal conditions of workers, this definition is progressively considered to be insolvent, ambiguous, with false breadth and omissions. AIM: To analyze the concept of «psychosocial risk at work¼ and to establish a clear definition based on evidence from the existing literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis of the concept, based on Walker and Avant's proposal was carried out. It encompasses eight steps, namely the selection of the concept, determination of the objectives or purposes of the analysis, identification of all possible uses of the concept, determination of defining attributes, identification of a model case, identification of borderline cases, identification of background and consequences and definition of empirical references. RESULTS: The defining attributes of the construct are quantity, rhythm, complexity, content, control, diversity, schedule, flexibility or meaning of the work, perceived as inappropriate by the worker. Also, preoccupation associated with domestic chores and attention to the needs of others, lack of clarity about the role in the job position, deficient personal and professional development of the worker, adverse work environment, organizational aspects that harm the worker, technological demands incompatible with the worker's capabilities and needs and finally, inadequate social relations at work. CONCLUSIONS: The construct background is grouped into elements attributed to the worker and attributed to the labor. The concept attributes were organized into eight dimensions, and the consequences were classified as the personal effects on the worker and those associated with the labor.

Percepción de carga mental de trabajo en personas funcionarias administrativas que se desempeñan en una municipalidad de Chile / Perception of mental workload in administrative officials who work in a municipality in Chile

Objetivo: Caracterizar la percepción de carga mental de trabajo en personal administrativo de una municipalidad de Chile. Metodología: Investigación de abordaje cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se utilizó un cuestionario que consta de dos partes: a) antecedentes biosociodemográficos y b) escala subjetiva de carga mental de trabajo (ESCAM), censándose a un total de 47 personas funcionarias administrativas de una municipalidad de Chile. Para el análisis de datos, se usó el programa ''Statistical Package of Social Sciences'' (SPSS) versión 25.0. Posteriormente, se procedió al cálculo estadístico descriptivo con cálculo de media, desviación estándar y rango. Se respetaron los principios éticos de Ezequiel Emmanuel y se contó con la autorización del comité ético científico. Resultados: Las personas trabajadoras presentan nivel de carga mental global medio alto (𝒙̅: 3,38); los factores con mayor exposición a carga mental son características de la tarea (𝒙̅: 4,09), demanda cognitiva y complejidad de la tarea (𝒙̅: 3,89), el factor ritmo de trabajo es el que muestra resultados más bajos (𝒙̅: 2,47). Conclusión: Las características del trabajo realizado por el personal administrativo implica un esfuerzo mental asociado al cumplimiento de la tarea, durante la cual están expuestos a interrupciones y distracciones. Esta característica genera en ellos una percepción de agotamiento y dificultad para relajarse después de terminada la jornada, lo que podría producir efectos negativos en su salud física y mental.

Aim: To characterize the perception of mental workload in administrative employees of a municipality in Chile. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a descriptive and cross-sectional design. A two-part questionnaire (bio sociodemographic background and subjective scale of mental workload (SMWS)) was used to survey a total of 47 administrative employees of a municipality in Chile. The 25.0 version of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the data analysis; this was followed by descriptive statistical calculation of mean, standard deviation, and range. The ethical principles of Ezequiel Emmanuel were respected, and the authorization of the scientific ethical committee was obtained. Results: Those who worked presented a high average global mental workload level (𝒙̅: 3.38). The factors with the highest mental workload exposure were task characteristics (𝒙̅: 4.09) and cognitive demand and task complexity (𝒙̅: 3.89) whereas the work rhythm factor showed the lowest results (𝒙̅: 2.47). Conclusion: The characteristics of the work performed by the administrative personnel force them to perform a mental effort associated with the completion of the task exposed to interruptions and distractions. These characteristics tires them and causes them difficulties to relax after the end of the day; this could cause negative effects on their physical and mental health.

Objetivo: Caracterizar a percepção da carga mental de trabalho em funcionários administrativos de uma prefeitura do Chile. Metodologia: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, com desenho descritivo e de corte transversal. Quarenta e sete funcionários administrativos de uma prefeitura do Chile responderam a um questionário composto por duas partes: a) antecedentes sociodemográficos e b) escala subjetiva de carga mental de trabalho (ESCAM). Os dados foram analisados com o programa ''Statistical Package of Social Sciences'' (SPSS) versão 25.0, foi considerada a estatística descritiva com cálculos de média, desvio padrão e amplitude. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com seres humanos e foram seguidos os princípios éticos de Ezequiel Emmanuel. Resultados: As pessoas que trabalham apresentam nível de carga mental global médio-alto (𝒙̅: 3,38); os fatores com maior exposição à carga mental são características da tarefa (𝒙̅: 4,09) e demanda cognitiva e complexidade da tarefa (𝒙̅: 3,89). O fator ritmo de trabalho é o que apresenta os menores resultados (𝒙̅: 2,47). Conclusão: As características do trabalho realizado pelos funcionários administrativos os obriga a um esforço mental associado ao cumprimento da tarefa, em que estão expostos a interrupções e distrações. Esta característica gera nos trabalhadores uma percepção de cansaço e dificuldade em relaxar após a jornada de trabalho, o que poderia produzir efeitos negativos em sua saúde física e mental.

Comunicación entre paciente adulto críticamente enfermo y el profesional de enfermería: una revisión integrativa / Comunicação entre paciente adulto crítico e enfermeiro: uma revisão integrativa / Communication between the user critically ill adult and the nursing professional: an integrative review

Resumen: Introducción: La comunicación entre enfermero y paciente que se encuentra en unidades críticas con compromiso vital está limitada por la sedación, ventilación mecánica, y presencia de tubo endotraqueal, interfiriendo en la entrega de cuidados. Objetivo: analizar en la literatura científica publicada cómo se efectúa la comunicación entre el paciente adulto críticamente enfermo y profesionales de enfermería. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de diversas bases de datos. En el análisis crítico, 13 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Como criterio de exclusión se consideraron los artículos desarrollados en usuarios pediátricos y otros servicios de hospitalización. Resultados: de la revisión surgieron tres temáticas, a) Métodos de comunicación paciente crítico-enfermero b) Percepción del paciente sobre la comunicación enfermero-paciente c) Factores limitantes en la comunicación enfermero- paciente crítico. Conclusiones: Se concluye que las actividades asistenciales de enfermería en estas unidades se centran casi en su totalidad en acciones biomédicas, relegando a un segundo plano aspectos emocionales. Existe una necesidad de desarrollar habilidades de comunicación para garantizar que todo enfermero que trabaja con pacientes críticamente enfermos, sean capaces de generar una comunicación efectiva con el paciente y su entorno, actuando como agentes de cambio para fortalecer el cuidado de manera holística y humanizada.

Resumo: Introdução: A comunicação entre enfermeira e usuário que se encontra em unidades críticas é de vital importância, entretanto, está limitada pela sedação, ventilação mecânica e presença de tubo endotraqueal, interferindo no processo de trabalho. Objetivo: analisar na literatura científica publicada como é realizada a comunicação entre o paciente adulto crítico e os profissionais de enfermagem. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa em distintas bases de dados, em que foram encontrados 13 artigos que cumpriram com os critérios de inclusão. Foram excluídos artigos desenvolvidos em unidades da pediatria e outros serviços de hospitalização. Resultados: A revisão sugeriu três temáticas, (a) Métodos de comunicação entre usuário crítico-enfermeira, (b) Percepção do usuário sobre a comunicação da enfermeira-usuário, (c) Fatores limitantes na comunicação enfermeira-usuário crítico. Conclusões: As atividades assistenciais da enfermagem nessas unidades se encontram na sua totalidade em ações clínicas, deixando em segundo plano os aspectos emocionais. Existe uma necessidade de desenvolver habilidades de comunicação para garantir que toda enfermeira que trabalha com usuários criticamente doentes, sejam capazes de gerar uma comunicação efetiva com o usuário e seu ambiente, atuando como agentes de troca para fortalecer o cuidado holístico e humanizado.

Abstract: Introduction: The communication between nurse and user that is in critical units with vital commitment is limited by sedation, mechanical ventilation, and presence of endotracheal tube, interfering in the delivery of care. Aim: analyze in the published scientific literature how communication is carried out between nursing professionals and the critically ill adult patient. Methodology: Integrative review in various databases were made, 13 articles fulfill the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. As exclusive criteria articles developed in pediatric users and other hospitalization services were considered. Results: From the selected articles arose three topics: (a) Methods of communication critical user-nurse, (b) User's perception of the communication nurse- user, (c) Limiting factors in the communication nurse-critical user. Conclusions: The assistance activities of the nursing in the units of critical care are centered almost entirely in the actions derived from the diagnostic and medical treatment, relegating the emotional aspects to the background. It exists a need of training in communication abilities to guarantee that every nurse working with users critically ill is able to establish an effective communication with the patient and his environment, because the nurses should be agents to potentiate changes and generate humanized care.

Riesgos psicosociales y satisfacción laboral: una relación significativa para los trabajadores de oncología / Riscos psicossociais e satisfação profissional: uma relação significativa para os trabalhadores da oncologia / Psychosocial risks and job satisfaction: A meaningful relationship for oncology workers

Objective: To determine the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and professional satisfaction of workers working in oncology and palliative care units in a region of Chile. Material and Method: Non experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study with quantitative approach. In the last semester of 2016, the census of health workers was carried out, using an instrument composed of three parts for data collection: a) bio-sociodemographic history, b) SUSESO-ISTAS 21 questionnaire for psychosocial risks, and c) for work satisfaction. International bioethical principles were respected throughout the research. Results: There is a relationship with statistical significance (p≤0,05) between psychosocial risks and job satisfaction at work, the dimension of psychosocial risk with higher risk is psychological demand (x:11,24; DP: 3,06) and dual presence (x: 3,23; DP: 1,90) and the factor in which less satisfaction is perceived is the physical work environment (x: 4,32 DP: 1,77). Conclusion: With the results obtained, it can be affirmed that the workers who work in oncologic units and perceive greater psychosocial risk at work present less satisfaction at work, which can impact on the quality of assistance.

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores que se desempeñan en unidades de oncología y cuidados paliativos de una región de Chile. Material y método: estudio no experimental, transversal, correlacional con abordaje cuantitativo. Durante el último semestre 2016, se realizó un censo a 110 trabajadores sanitarios, usando para la recolección de datos un instrumento que consta de tres partes: a) antecedentes biosociodemográficos, b) el cuestionario SUSESO-ISTAS 21 para riesgos psicosociales y c) S20/23 para satisfacción laboral. Durante toda la investigación, se respetaron principios bioéticos internacionales. Resultados: existe relación con significancia estadística (p≤0,05) entre riesgos psicosociales y satisfacción laboral en el trabajo, la dimensión de riesgo psicosocial con mayor riesgo es exigencias psicológicas (x: 11,24; DE:3,06) y doble presencia (x: 3,23; DE:1,90) y el factor en que se percibe menor satisfacción es el ambiente físico de trabajo (x: 4,32 DE:1,77). Conclusión: con los resultados obtenidos se puede afirmar que los trabajadores que se desempeñan en unidades de oncología y perciben mayor riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo tienen menor satisfacción laboral, lo que podría impactar en la calidad de la atención.

Objetivo: determinar a relação entre os fatores de risco psicossocial e a satisfação profissional dos trabalhadores que atuam em unidades de oncologia e cuidados paliativos, em determinada região do Chile. Materiais e método: estudo não experimental, transversal, correlacional de abordagem quantitativa. No último semestre de 2016, foi realizado um censo com 110 trabalhadores da área da saúde. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um instrumento que apresenta três partes: a) antecedentes biossociodemográficos; b) questionário SUSESO-ISTAS 21 para riscos psicossociais e c) S20/23 para satisfação profissional. Durante toda a pesquisa, foram respeitados os princípios bioéticos internacionais. Resultados: existe relação com significância estatística (p ≤ 0,05) entre riscos psicossociais e satisfação profissional no trabalho; a dimensão de risco psicossocial mais prevalente são exigências psicológicas (x: 11,24; DP = 3,06) e presença dupla (x: 3,23; DP = 1,90); o fator em que é percebida menor satisfação é o ambiente físico de trabalho (x: 4,32 DP = 1,77). Conclusão: com os resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que os trabalhadores que realizam atividades em unidades de oncologia e percebem maior risco psicossocial no trabalho têm menor satisfação profissional, fato que impacta na qualidade da atenção.

Carga mental en profesores y consecuencias en su salud: una revisión integrativa / Carga mental em professores e suas consequências para saúde: uma revisão integrativa / Mental workload in faculty and consequences in their health: an integrative review

Resumen Introducción La literatura en cuanto al contexto laboral de los profesores ha documentado las condiciones de trabajo y sus efectos en la salud, sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia de los efectos de la Carga Mental de Trabajo (CMT) en este grupo, pese a tratarse de un riesgo psicosocial que se construye a partir de factores propios del quehacer docente. Objetivo Explorar la literatura respecto a la CMT percibida por profesores y su relación con condiciones de trabajo y efectos en su salud. Método Se realizó revisión integrativa en bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, PubMed y Scielo utilizando descriptores en inglés y español considerándose como criterios de inclusión estudios cuantitativos, cualitativos y mixtos; estudios publicados desde 2013 al 2019. Además, se realizó búsqueda manual, rescatando un estudio de relevancia para el abordaje de la temática. Los estudios fueron sometidos a evaluación según niveles de evidencia desarrollados por el Oxford Centre forEvidence-Based Medicine. Resultados Se localizaron 20 artículos y se formularon categorías de análisis: condiciones laborales de profesores, efectos del trabajo en la salud, carga mental percibida por los mismos, además de establecerse sugerencias para la salud ocupacional. Conclusión Las características del contexto docente incluyen factores propios de la CMT, entre ellos la intensidad laboral y tiempos de trabajo extenuante, ruido, alta cantidad de estudiantes, mala calidad de relaciones interpersonales, inestabilidad laboral y falta de recursos.

Resumo Introdução A literatura referente ao contexto de trabalho dos professores tem documentado as condições de trabalho e seus efeitos na saúde, porém existem poucas evidências dos efeitos da Carga Mental de Trabalho (CMT) neste grupo, embora a CMT possa ser um risco psicossocial que se constrói por meio dos fatores do trabalho docente. Objetivo Explorar na literatura a carga mental percebida pelos professores, sua relação com as condições de trabalho e seus efeitos na saúde. Método Realizou-se revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Web of Science, CINAHL complete, Pubmed e Scielo, utilizando os descritores em inglês e espanhol. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos quantitativos, qualitativos e mistos, publicados a partir de 2013 até 2019. Além disso, foi realizado uma busca manual resgatando um estudo de relevância que abordam a temática. Os estudos foram avaliados de acordo com os níveis de evidência desenvolvidos pelo Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados Incluíram-se 20 artigos que foram organizados em categorias de análise: condições laborais dos professores, efeitos do trabalho na saúde, carga mental percebida e sugestões para a saúde ocupacional. Conclusão As características do contexto docente incluem fatores específicos da CMT, incluindo a intensidade laboral, tempo de trabalho deficiente, ruído, elevado número de estudantes, relações interpessoais de baixa qualidade, falta de estabilidade no trabalho e falta de recursos.

Abstract Introduction The literature regarding the teachers' work context has documented working conditions and their effects on health. However, there is limited evidence of the Mental Workload (MW) effects in this group, despite being a psychosocial risk that is constructed from typical factors of teaching work. Objective Literature about mental workload perceived by professors and their relation with work conditions and the effects on their health were explored. Method An integrative review was realized in databases Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, PubMed, and Scielo using descriptors in English and Spanish. The inclusion criteria were quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies published between 2013 and 2019. In addition, a manual search was made obtaining relevant one study for the approach of the subject. The studies were evaluated according to levels of evidence developed by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. Results 20 articles were selected and divided into analytical categories: work conditions of professors, work effect on health, mental workload perceived by them, in addition to establishing suggestions for occupational health. Conclusion The characteristics of the work environment include factors specific to mental workload, including high work intensity and strenuous work times, noise, a high number of students, bad interpersonal relationships, work instability, and lack of resources.

Carga mental y la calidad de vida relacionada con salud en trabajadores Oncológicos / Mental load and quality of life related to health in Oncology workers

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la Carga mental de trabajo (CMT) y la Calidad de vida relacionada con salud (CVRS), percibida por el equipo de salud que se desempeña en unidades oncológicas y de cuidados paliativos de una región de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Estudio no experimental, correlacional, transversal, de abordaje cuantitativo. Se censó a 110 trabajadores sanitarios (médicos, enfermeras, psicólogos/as entre otros), que corresponden al 92 % del total de la población. En la recolección de datos se utilizó instrumento dividido en tres partes: a) Antecedentes biosociodemográficos (como edad, sexo); b) Escala de Carga Mental de Trabajo (ESCAM), adaptada y validad para población chilena; y c) Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida relacionada con Salud SF-36v2, validado y estandarizado para Chile. Para el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial se utilizó el software SPSS versión 18.0. La investigación contó con la autorización de los Comités Ético-Científico de la Universidad Católica del Maule y del Servicio de Salud del Maule. Resultados: Las personas participantes perciben una carga mental global media alta. Por otra parte, perciben mejores resultados en el componente de salud física (x:76,72; DE 9,75) versus el componente de salud mental (x~:71,13; DE:6,38). Además, existen relaciones con significancia estadística (p<0,05) entre carga mental de trabajo y calidad de vida relacionada con salud. Conclusiones: Este estudio permite afirmar que las exigencias de los trabajadores oncológicos que perciben carga mental de trabajo reportan peores resultados en su calidad de vida relacionada con Salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the relationship between the Mental Workload (MWL) and Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), perceived by workers working in oncology and palliative care units in one region of Chile. Materials and methods: Non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional research and quantitative approach. A number of 110 health workers were counted (doctors, registered nurses, psychologists, among others), corresponding to 92 % of the total population. For the collecting data, a three-part divided instrument was used: a) Biological and socio-de-mographic background (such as age, sex); b) Mental Workload Scale (ESCAM), which was adapted and validated to Chilean population; and c) The Questionary of Life Quality related to Health SF-36v2, which has been validated and standardized to Chile. To the descriptive, statistical and inferential analysis, the software SPSS version 18.0 was used. The Committees of Ethics-Scientific from the Catholic University of Maule and the Health Service of Maule authorized the research. Results: Participants perceive a mid-high global mental load. On the other hand, they perceive better results on the physical health component (x: 76.72, SD 9.75) versus the mental health component (X: 71.13; SD: 6.38). In addition, there are relationships with statistical importance (p<0.05), between mental workload and life quality related to health. Conclusions: This study allows us to affirm that the demands to oncological workers who perceive mental workload report worse results in their life quality related to health.

Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud y Riesgos Psicosociales: Conceptos relevantes para abordar desde la Enfermería / Life Quality Related to Health (LQRH) and Psychosocial Risks: relevant concepts to be addressed by Nursing

Este artículo emerge con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre la importancia de abordar desde la disciplina de Enfermería, los constructos Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud (CVRS) y Riesgos Psicosociales, por el impacto que ambos pueden tener en los trabajadores sanitarios, específicamente los que se desempeñan en Unidades Oncológicas. Para ello, se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico de libros y artículos incorporados: PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Cuiden y Redalyc. El conocer estos conceptos, permitirá establecer estrategias de promoción de salud y prevención de factores de riesgos psicosociales, aumentando el bienestar y el desarrollo integral de los trabajadores, lo que pudiera aportar en la mejora de la satisfacción laboral y un mayor rendimiento, entre otros aspectos. Se concluye que la calidad del cuidado, pudiera estar relacionada directamente con la CVRS y el bienestar de los trabajadores; de esta forma, resulta relevante implementar medidas que tiendan a garantizar entornos de trabajos saludables

The aim of this article is to debate the importance of approaching the concepts of Life Quality Related to Health (LQRH) and Psychosocial Risks from the nursing discipline perspective, given the impact both may have in health workers, especially those who work in oncology units. Methods: a literature search including books, web sites and articles, incorporated in data bases as PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Cuiden and Redalyc, was carried out. This article shows that knowing these concepts allows to establish strategies for health promotion and prevention of psychosocial risk factors, increasing the welfare and integral development of workers, which could help to improve job satisfaction, a higher efficiency, among other aspects. Care quality might be directly related to LQRH and the welfare of workers. In consequence, it is important to implement measures intended to ensure healthy work environments